by ·Comments Off on CSS Typography

 

Inset Text In Pure CSS

 

The first thing that we will do is define gradient background so that our inset text is clearly visible.

#insetBackground {
                      width: 650px;
                      height: 80px;
                      background: #1e5799; /* Old browsers */
                      background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #1e5799 0%, #2989d8 50%, #207cca 51%, #7db9e8 100%); /* FF3.6+ */
                      background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,#1e5799), color-stop(50%,#2989d8), color-stop(51%,#207cca), color-stop(100%,#7db9e8)); /* Chrome,Safari4+ */
                      background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #1e5799 0%,#2989d8 50%,#207cca 51%,#7db9e8 100%); /* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */
                      background: -o-linear-gradient(top, #1e5799 0%,#2989d8 50%,#207cca 51%,#7db9e8 100%); /* Opera 11.10+ */
                      background: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #1e5799 0%,#2989d8 50%,#207cca 51%,#7db9e8 100%); /* IE10+ */
                      background: linear-gradient(to bottom, #1e5799 0%,#2989d8 50%,#207cca 51%,#7db9e8 100%); /* W3C */
                      filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#1e5799', endColorstr='#7db9e8',GradientType=0 ); /* IE6-9 */
}

 

The next thing that we are going to do is define the style to make the text appear inset. To so that we will make use of text-shadow.

h1.inset {
              padding-left: 50px;
              padding-top: 10px;
              font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
              font-size: 50px;
              color: #0D4383;
              text-shadow: rgba(0,0,0,0.8) -1px 0, rgba(0,0,0,0.4) 0 -1px, rgba(255,255,255,0.8) 0 1px, rgba(0,0,0,0.4) -1px -2px;
}

Now we will put these styles in use.

<div id="insetBackground">
    <h1 class="inset">Inset text in Pure CSS</h1>
</div>

Let’s put it all together

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <style>
            #insetBackground {
                width: 650px;
                height: 80px;
                background: #1e5799; /* Old browsers */
                background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #1e5799 0%, #2989d8 50%, #207cca 51%, #7db9e8 100%); /* FF3.6+ */
                background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,#1e5799), color-stop(50%,#2989d8), color-stop(51%,#207cca), color-stop(100%,#7db9e8)); /* Chrome,Safari4+ */
                background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #1e5799 0%,#2989d8 50%,#207cca 51%,#7db9e8 100%); /* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */
                background: -o-linear-gradient(top, #1e5799 0%,#2989d8 50%,#207cca 51%,#7db9e8 100%); /* Opera 11.10+ */
                background: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #1e5799 0%,#2989d8 50%,#207cca 51%,#7db9e8 100%); /* IE10+ */
                background: linear-gradient(to bottom, #1e5799 0%,#2989d8 50%,#207cca 51%,#7db9e8 100%); /* W3C */
                filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#1e5799', endColorstr='#7db9e8',GradientType=0 ); /* IE6-9 */
            }

            h1.inset {
                padding-left: 50px;
                padding-top: 10px;
                font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
                font-size: 50px;
                color: #0D4383;
                text-shadow: rgba(0,0,0,0.8) -1px 0, rgba(0,0,0,0.4) 0 -1px, rgba(255,255,255,0.8) 0 1px, rgba(0,0,0,0.4) -1px -2px;
            }
        </style>
        <title>Inset text using only CSS</title>
    </head>

    <body>
        <div id="insetBackground">
            <h1 class="inset">Inset text in Pure CSS</h1>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
Inset Text In CSS

Inset Text In CSS

 

Doesn’t it looks gorgeous? And we just used the power of CSS to make this.

3D Text In Pure CSS

To make the text look like we will make use of text-shadow. To start lets create a container in which we will place the text. This will give the gray background to the container.

#container{
    width: 1024px;
    height: 760px;
    padding: 50px 10px 0 10px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    text-align: center;
}

Now let us style the h1 component within this container with some special font and text-shadow. This will make the text look 3D.

#container h1{
    font: 75pt Georgia;
    color: white;
    text-shadow: 0 1px 0 #ccc,
                 0 2px 0 #c9c9c9,
                 0 3px 0 #bbb,
                 0 4px 0 #b9b9b9,
                 0 5px 0 #aaa,
                 0 6px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),
                 0 0 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),
                 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6),
                 0 3px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.4),
                 0 5px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.5),
                 0 10px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.4),
                 0 20px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
}

And now let us add some html bones to this CSS muscle.

<body>
    <div id="container">
        <h1>Text in 3D</h1>
        <h1>This is a simple and easy way to use the drop shadow effect to show text in such a way that it looks 3D</h1>
    </div>
</body>

And when we put of this together then we will see the magic.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <style>
            body {
                background: lightgray;
            }

            #container{
                width: 1024px;
                height: 760px;
                padding: 50px 10px 0 10px;
                margin: 0 auto;
                text-align: center;
            }

            #container h1{
                font: 75pt Georgia;
                color: white;
                text-shadow: 0 1px 0 #ccc,
                             0 2px 0 #c9c9c9,
                             0 3px 0 #bbb,
                             0 4px 0 #b9b9b9,
                             0 5px 0 #aaa,
                             0 6px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),
                             0 0 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),
                             0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6),
                             0 3px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.4),
                             0 5px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.5),
                             0 10px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.4),
                             0 20px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
            }
        </style>
        <title>3D Text Using Only CSS</title>
    </head>

    <body>
        <div id="container">
            <h1>Text in 3D</h1>
            <h1>This is a simple and easy way to use the drop shadow effect to show text in such a way that it looks 3D</h1>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
3D Text In CSS

3D Text In CSS

First Letter Capitalization Using Pure CSS

This is useful at lot of places like articles, news, blogs, etc. to distinctly mark the start of a paragraph. Let’s add the style to do that. In the code below we have defined the font-size of the first-letter in a paragraph as 4 times (4em) the normal size and the font-weight as normal. We have defined this style for the pseudo class first-letter (For more details on pseudo class visit https://www.abhishekshukla.com/css/css3-basics-part-1/). Also we have changed the font weight of the span to be bold so that it’s distinctly visible.

p#firstCapsUpper:first-letter {font-size: 4em; font-weight: normal;}
span {font-weight: bold}

Now let’s put this style in use

<div>
    <p id="firstCapsUpper">
    <span>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,</span>; eu omittantur intellegebat sed,<br/>sanctus dissentiunt et per. Meis prompta dolorem no mei. Eam interesset<br/>consequuntur ad, vivendo complectitur te vel. No vim luptatum abhorreant<br/>dissentias, ne tale consul similique usu, vel sanctus officiis ut. Vim <br/>teerat invenire. Id vix alii munere essent.
    </p>
</div>

Let’s put everything together and then this is how it will look like.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <style>
            p#firstCapsUpper:first-letter {font-size: 4em; font-weight: normal;}
            span {font-weight: bold}
        </style>
        <title>First letter Capital</title>
    </head>

    <body>
        <div>
            <p id="firstCapsUpper">
            <span>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,</span>; eu omittantur intellegebat sed,<br/>sanctus dissentiunt et per. Meis prompta dolorem no mei. Eam interesset<br/>consequuntur ad, vivendo complectitur te vel. No vim luptatum abhorreant<br/>dissentias, ne tale consul similique usu, vel sanctus officiis ut. Vim <br/>teerat invenire. Id vix alii munere essent.
            </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
First Letter Caps In CSS

First Letter Caps In CSS

In the above example the first letter takes the space above itself. We could make the first letter slide down by changing the style for pseudoClass first-letter.

 

p#firstCapsLower:first-letter {font-size: 4em; font-weight: normal; float: left;}

Let’s put this style to use.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <style>
            p#firstCapsUpper:first-letter {font-size: 4em; font-weight: normal;}
            p#firstCapsLower:first-letter {font-size: 4em; font-weight: normal; float: left;}
            span {font-weight: bold}
        </style>
    <title>First letter Capital</title> 
    </head>

    <body>
        <div>
            <p id="firstCapsUpper">
                <span>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,</span> eu omittantur intellegebat sed,<br/>sanctus dissentiunt et per. Meis prompta dolorem no mei. Eam interesset<br/>consequuntur ad, vivendo complectitur te vel. No vim luptatum abhorreant<br/>dissentias, ne tale consul similique usu, vel sanctus officiis ut. Vim <br/>teerat invenire. Id vix alii munere essent.
            </p>
            
            <p id="firstCapsLower">
                <span>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,</span> eu omittantur intellegebat sed,<br/>sanctus dissentiunt et per. Meis prompta dolorem no mei. Eam interesset<br/>consequuntur ad, vivendo complectitur te vel. No vim luptatum abhorreant<br/>dissentias, ne tale consul similique usu, vel sanctus officiis ut. Vim <br/>teerat invenire. Id vix alii munere essent.
            </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>

It would look something like below:

 

First Letter Caps In CSS

First Letter Caps In CSS

 

First Line Bold In Pure CSS

To achieve this we will make use of first-line pseudo class (For more details on pseudo class visit https://www.abhishekshukla.com/css/css3-basics-part-1/). We will also make the first letter as bigger and slide below just the way we had it before.

p#first::first-letter {font-size: 4em; font-weight: bold; float: left}
p#first::first-line {font-size: 2em; font-weight: bold;}

 

Let’s put these styles to use.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>First letter caps and first line bold</title>
        <style>
            p#first::first-letter {font-size: 4em; font-weight: bold; float: left}
            p#first::first-line {font-size: 2em; font-weight: bold;}
       </style>
    </head>

    <body>
        <p id="first">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, his in tation adipisci assueverit. Has id fugit liberavisse. Cu sed omnis aliquam reprimique. Est ne justo dicant tritani, eos et diam torquatos, eius simul expetendis te nam. Id vis salutatus suscipiantur. Eum unum persequeris et, eu enim nostrud ius, his cu mazim everti petentium. Atqui sonet quando an sea, ei est veniam legimus accumsan.

Eum ut commune praesent dissentiunt. Vel no meis philosophia. Ancillae aliquando vim te, maluisset tincidunt ei usu, debet prodesset has cu. Omnis dicat eu vix, usu ne habeo vocent. Pri quod etiam commodo an, has cu primis commodo delenit, quo reque verterem eu. Ne mea quidam sadipscing, ad qui ullum mentitum reprimique.

Et eum adipisci moderatius, vis eu quando reformidans conclusionemque. Velit docendi sed et, qui periculis reprehendunt ad, labore fierent vel te. Ex mel habeo repudiandae mediocritatem, est no solet equidem corpora, probo facer putant nam ne. No suas maiestatis eum, ei dico dicam conclusionemque eum. Ius laudem ubique doming at, vis ne nostrud suscipiantur. Cibo numquam facilisi mea an, sea platonem consequat ei.</p>
    </body>
</html>

When we see this html page in the browser we would see something like below. An interesting point to note it that when we resize the browser then still the first visible line will be bold.

 

First Letter Bold In CSS

First Letter Bold In CSS

 

Rotate Text Using Pure CSS

To rotate we will make use of transform property of the elements. The below style will rotate the elements by 90 degree in the counter clockwise direction.

.rotate {
    -webkit-transform: rotate(-90deg); /* Safari */
    -moz-transform: rotate(-90deg); /* Firefox */
    -ms-transform: rotate(-90deg); /* IE */
    -o-transform: rotate(-90deg); /* Opera */
}

 

Let’s put the rotate style to use.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>First letter caps and first line bold</title>
        <style>
            .rotate {
                -webkit-transform: rotate(-90deg); /* Safari */
                -moz-transform: rotate(-90deg); /* Firefox */
                -ms-transform: rotate(-90deg); /* IE */
                -o-transform: rotate(-90deg); /* Opera */
            }
        </style>
    </head>

    <body>
        <p class="rotate">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, his in tation adipisci assueverit. Has,<br/> id fugit liberavisse. Cu sed omnis aliquam reprimique. Est ne justo dicant <br/>tritani, eos et diam torquatos, eius simul expetendis te nam. Id vis salutatus <br/>suscipiantur. Eum unum persequeris et, eu enim nostrud ius, his cu mazim everti <br/>petentium. Atqui sonet quando an sea, ei est veniam legimus accumsan.</p>
    </body>
</html>

It would look something like below.

 

First Letter Bold In CSS

First Letter Bold In CSS

 

The htmls file for this post are available @skydrive and @googledrive.

Any questions, comments and feedback is welcome.

by ·Comments Off on Css3 Basics – Part 1 of 4

In this post we will be covering the basic concepts in CSS3 along with some hands on examples. The topics that we will cover in this post are:

  • Structure of a CSS Style
  • Types of Stylesheets
  • Selector
    • Tag
    • Class
    • Id
  • Pseudo-Class

Structure of a CSS Style

Cascading Style Sheets are the way we usually style the elements on our web pages and CSS helps us define this style at one place which can be reused at multiple places later on.

When we write a CSS style it looks something like below. We have the name of the CSS class (or selector) followed by the opening and closing parenthesis. Inside these parentheses we define the property name and the value of those properties which are separated by colon (:). Each property value pair is separated by a semi colon (;). Sometime the vales can be placed inside quotes (“” or ‘’) depending on the value that we are adding.

CSS Structure

CSS Structure

 

Types of Stylesheets

External Stylesheet

External stylesheets are the ones which are used mostly as they allow us to make design changes to an entire site by simply changing one file.

  • External Stylesheet allows us to have better separation of concerns between the HTML and the style that we are writing. The HTML should be completely independent of the style that will be applied to it.
  • They are faster as they are cached and easily available for use.
  • We can include external stylesheet into a HTML page by simply adding it as a link. We need to specify the rel as stylesheet along with the type and path of the stylesheet.
<link href="~/Content/css/styles.css"  rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />

Internal Stylesheet

Internal stylesheet reference styles within the page itself. Internal stylesheets are mainly use during development or prototyping because they are faster while development as they do not need to come from the cache every time we reload the application. These stylesheet should only be used at the time of development or prototyping and there is a good chance that these stylesheet will become obsolete in a few years.

To create an internal stylesheet we add the styled within the head tags of the webpage

<html>

<head>

<title>Learn CSS</title>

<style></style>

</head>

<body></body>

</html>

Section

Section is used to specify a particular area on the screen.

Aside

This section is generally used for the side panels. Sometimes it is also used to give additional information.

Footer

This is used for adding the footer to the website or the webpage.

Selectors

Tag

Tag selectors are page wide selectors like p (paragraph). This selector is the most wide as they have multiple elements with that tag.

Class

The Class attribute tells the browser that an HTML tag belongs to a certain group. We can have many selector with the same class and this allows us apply one style to multiple selectors across the web page or website. Class selectors allow us to select every element on the page with that specific class. The Class selector is a little less wide than the Tag selector but still there can be multiple elements that can be present with the same class selector. When declare class selector in the style then we specify dot (.) to indicate that this is a class selector. But when we use it just specify the class name.

Id

The Id attribute should only be used in one tag on your HTML page, so that whatever is in that one tag look different. The motive of using an Id attribute is to uniquely identify a selector so whenever we are using an Id it should be unique. The Id selector is even more specific than the class selector as Id assigned to an element on the page should be unique for that page. When we specify the Id in the style we use the hash (#) symbol to indicate that this is an Id. Two major uses of Id because of its uniqueness on the page are –

  • Id can be used by JavaScript code to find a specific element.
  • Id can be used for linking to a specific part if the page.

In the code below we see all the things that we have talked about till now.

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

<meta charset="utf-8" />

<title>Learn CSS3</title>

</head>

<body>

<article id="first-article">

<section id="header-section">

<h1>Learn everything about CSS</h1>

<div>

<span>Posted on 12th Sep 2013</span>

<span>by</span>

<span>Abhishek Shukla</span>

</div>

</section>

<section>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>In this section we will learn enough about CSS3 to get a good foundation for working on it.

<img alt="CSS3" title="CSS3" src="https://www.abhishekshukla.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/CSS3Logo.jpg" /></p>

<p>CSS 3 came along with HTML5 and has enhanced the capabilities that are available in HTML5.

In this course we will have a look at the various basics of CSS3.

We will also get our hands dirty with some practical examples.</p>

</section>
             <aside>
                <section>
                    <h2>About CSS3</h2>
                </section>

                <section>
                    This section is generally used for the side panels. Somethime it is also used to give additional information.
                </section>
            </aside>

</article>

<footer>

<p>Copyright 2013 Abhishek Shukla</p>

</footer>

</body>

</html>

 

When run the above webpage we will see something like below. The browser has different font style for the headings. It has a picked up a default font for the text as we did not specify any font family.

Only HTML

Only HTML

Now we will style this page to do that we will create an inline style. To create an inline style we need to add the style tag within the head tag. We will start off with styling the paragraph in our webpage. So let us add a few property and values for the paragraph style.

p
{
    color:  #24981f;
    font-family: Calibri;
    font-size: medium;
}

Let us also specify the style for the h1 and h2. Notice the font size for h2 is smaller that h1

h1
{
    color: #0f769d;
    font-family: Calibri;
    font-size: larger;
}
h2
{
    color: #1197c9;
    font-family: Calibri;
    font-size: large;
}

Let us also style the footer as well to show small text. You will see that we have specified the style name as footer p, this means that this style applies to any paragraph which is inside the footer.

footer p
{
    color: #000000;
    font-family: Calibri;
    font-size: x-small;
}

Now our webpage looks something like below.

Style By CSS Tag

Style By CSS Tag 

Style by Tag

We have already seen how to specify style by Tag in the previous section where we have specified styles based on tags like p, h1, h2, footer, etc.

p
{
    color:  #24981f;
    font-family: Calibri;
    font-size: medium;
}
h1
{
    color: #0f769d;
    font-family: Calibri;
    font-size: larger;
}
h2
{
    color: #1197c9;
    font-family: Calibri;
    font-size: large;
}
footer p
{
    color: #000000;
    font-family: Calibri;
    font-size: x-small;
}

You could see that we have specified the styles based on the element tags. So we have specified the style for all the paragraphs using p, for all heading1 using h1 and for all heading2 using h2. All of these styles apply to all the elements on the page with no exception. However if we notice the style that we have specified by footer p means that this style will apply only to the paragraph present inside the footer. This type of style specification opens up a lot of capabilities of defining styles for different elements inside different tags.

Style by Class

In the code that we have written before we saw that the h1 that we were using had a class named article-title.

<h1>Learn everything about CSS</h1>
Style By CSS Class

Style By CSS Class

We will define a style specific to this class. To that we need to go to the style section in the head tag and specify .article-title as the style name and then add a background color property to the style.

.article-title
{
    background-color: #c4c4c4;
}

Now if go back and refresh the page we will see that the h1 text has a background now. The same will happen for any element that is using the same class.

Now let us add the same class that we have added to h1 to h2 as well.

<h2>About CSS3</h2>

We will see that h2 will also get the same background. This will verify the principle that one class can be used at multiple places.

Style By CSS Class

Style By CSS Class

Now let us add style for the article metadata as well. The class that we are using for that is meta-article.

<div>
    <span>Posted on 12th Sep 2013</span>
    <span>by</span>
    <span>Abhishek Shukla</span>
</div>

So we will go back to the styles section and add a new style named .meta-article and assign the font-style for that class to be oblique.

.meta-article
{
    font-style: oblique;
}

And then the text for this div with meta-article class will become oblique.

Style By CSS Class

Style By CSS Class

Now say I want my name to not to be oblique but in normal font style so I will add a new style for the meta-author class and set the font-style to be normal.

.meta-author
{
    font-style: normal;
}

And then we will see the author name in normal font style.

Style by Id

To specify a style by Id we need to prefix a # before the Id while specifying the style. In this case will use the Id of the article section named as first-article and specify a background color.

#first-article
{
    background-color: #e8dede
}

This will make the background of the whole article as light gray.

Style By CSS Id

Style By CSS Id

Pseudo-class

These work just like the normal classes to find the elements. These pseudo-classes work on the relative basis. So in a class we can access the first child, last child, nth child, first child of a type, nth child of a type, etc. Below is the list of pseudo classes available in CSS3.

:focus

The :focus CSS pseudo-class is applied when a element has received focus, either from the user selecting it with the use of a keyboard or by activating with the mouse (e.g. a form input).

:active

The :active CSS pseudo-class matches when an element is being activated by the user. It allows the page to give a feedback that the activation has been detected by the browser. For mouse event this active behavior represents the time between mouse buttons down and then up. This is generally used

:hover

The :hover CSS pseudo-class matches when the user designates an element with a pointing device, but does not necessarily activate it. This style may be overridden by any other link-related pseudo-classes, that is :link, :visited, and :active, appearing in subsequent rules.

:link

The :link CSS pseudo-class lets you select links inside elements. This will select any link, even those already styled using selector with other link-related pseudo-classes like :hover, :active or

:visited

In order to style only non-visited links, you need to put the :link rule before the other ones, as defined by the LVHA-order: :link — :visited — :hover — :active. The :focus pseudo-class is usually placed right before or right after :hover, depending of the expected effect.

:visited

The :visited CSS pseudo-class lets you select only links that have been visited. This style may be overridden by any other link-related pseudo-classes, that is :link, :hover, and :active, appearing in subsequent rules. In order to style appropriately links, you need to put the :visited rule after the :link rule but before the other ones, defined in the LVHA-order: :link — :visited — :hover —

:active

Below is the use of all these 4 pseudo classes. We have specified these classes inside a (anchor tag)

<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <title>Pseudo Selectors</title>
    <style>
        a:link { color:#0094ff; }
        a:visited { color: #ff006e; }
        a:hover { color: #ff6a00; }
        a:active { color: #60a941; }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <a href="#">This link will change color on hover becuase of style that is based on active pseudo class</a>
</body>
Pseudo Class

Pseudo Class

:checked

The :checked CSS pseudo-class selector works for any radio (input type=”radio”), checkbox (input type=”checkbox”) or option (option in a select) component that is checked or toggled to an on state. The client can transform this state by clicking on the component, or selecting an alternate worth, in which case the :checked pseudo-class no more applies to this component.

In the code below as soon as the checkbox or the radio button is checked the checkbox and radio button part disappears.

<style>
    input:checked
    {
        display: none;
    }
</style>

<body>
    <input type="checkbox" >CheckBox</input>
    <input type="radio" >RadioBox</input>
</body>

:default

The :default CSS pseudo-class represents any user interface element that is the default among a group of similar elements.

:disabled

The :disabled CSS pseudo-class represents any disabled element. An element is disabled if it can’t be activated (e.g. selected, clicked on or accept text input) or accept focus. The element also has an enabled state, in which it can be activated or accept focus.

:empty

The :empty pseudo-class represents any element that has no children at all. Only element nodes and text (including whitespace) are considered. Comments or processing instructions do not affect whether an element is considered empty or not.

:enabled

The :enabled CSS pseudo-class represents any enabled element. An element is enabled if it can be activated (e.g. selected, clicked on or accept text input) or accept focus. The element also has an disabled state, in which it can’t be activated or accept focus.

:first-child

The :first-child CSS pseudo-class represents any element that is the first child element of its parent.

:first-of-type

The :first-of-type CSS pseudo-class represents the first sibling of its type in the list of children of its parent element.

:last-child

The :last-child CSS pseudo-class represents any element that is the last child element of its parent.

:last-of-type

The :last-of-type CSS pseudo-class represents the last sibling of its type in the list of children of its parent element.

:nth-child()

The :nth-child(an+b) CSS pseudo-class matches an element that has an+b-1 siblings before it in the document tree, for a given positive or zero value for n, and has a parent element.

:nth-last-child()

The :nth-last-child CSS pseudo-class matches an element that has an+b-1 siblings after it in the document tree, for a given positive or zero value for n, and has a parent element. See :nth-child for a more thorough description of the syntax of its argument.

:nth-last-of-type()

The :nth-last-of-type CSS pseudo-class matches an element that has an+b-1 siblings with the same element name after it in the document tree, for a given positive or zero value for n, and has a parent element. See :nth-child for a more thorough description of the syntax of its argument.

:nth-of-type()

The :nth-of-type CSS pseudo-class matches an element that has an+b-1 siblings with the same element name before it in the document tree, for a given positive or zero value for n, and has a parent element. See :nth-child for a more thorough description of the syntax of its argument. This is a more flexible and useful pseudo selector if you want to ensure you’re selecting the same type of tag no matter where it is inside the parent element, or what other different tags appear before it.

: only-child

The : only-child CSS pseudo-class represents any element which is the only child of its parent. This is the same as :first-child:last-child or :nth-child(1):nth-last-child(1), but with a lower specificity.

: only-of-type

The : only-of-type CSS pseudo-class represents any element that has no siblings of the given type.

<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8" />
        <title>Pseudo Selectors</title>
        <style>
            span:nth-of-type(2n+1)
            {
                 background-color: #ffd800;
            }
            span:nth-of-type(2n)
            {
                background-color: #ff006e;
            }
            div :first-of-type
            {
                background-color: #0094ff;
            }
            span:last-child
            {
                background-color: lime;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div dir="rtl">
            <span>This is child number 1</span>
            <span>This is child number 2</span>
            <span>This is child number 3</span>
            <span>This is child number 4</span>
            <span>This is child number 5</span>
            <span>This is child number 6</span>
            <span>This is child number 7</span>
            <span>This is child number 8</span>
            <span>This is child number 9</span>
            <span>This is child number 10</span>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
Pseudo Class

Pseudo Class

:lang()

The :lang CSS pseudo-class matches elements based on the language the element is determined to be in. In HTML, the language is determined by a combination of the lang attribute, the <meta> element, and possibly by information from the protocol (such as HTTP headers). For other document types there may be other document methods for determining the language.

element:lang(language-code) { style properties }

:not()

The negation CSS pseudo-class, :not(X), is a functional notation taking a simple selector X as an argument. It matches an element that is not represented by the argument. X must not contain another negation selector, or any pseudo-elements.

:not(selector) { style properties }

:root

The :root CSS pseudo-class matches the root element of a tree representing the document. Applied to HTML, :root represents the <html> element and is identical to the selector html, except that its specifity is higher.

:target

The :target pseudo-class represents the unique element, if any, with an id matching the fragment identifier of the URI of the document.

 

The code for this post can be downloaded @ here or @ mirror

Any questions, comments or feedback are most welcome.